The Written Cave of Lepenicë: Prehistoric Rock Art above the Shushica

Valza Boutique Hotel, Vlorë

High above the Shushica, painted human figures that have survived for thousands of years.

Lepenicë Rock Art Cave is a rock shelter that locals call Shpella e Shkruar, “the Written Cave”, high in the hills of the Shushica valley above the village of Lepenicë. On its wall are 19 human figures and geometric signs, painted in a brownish mineral pigment in prehistory. The final climb is steep and rough: allow 2 to 4 hours.

Who left these figures on the rock?

Above the village of Lepenicë, high in the hills of the Shushica valley, there is a rock shelter that locals call Shpella e Shkruar, “the Written Cave”. Climb up to it, let your eyes adjust to the rock, and the figures appear: human-like shapes and geometric signs painted in a brownish mineral pigment, 19 human figures by the usual count, left there by people who lived in these hills in prehistory.

They were first documented and published by the archaeologist Muzafer Korkuti in the 1980s, who compared them with the post-Palaeolithic rock art of the Alps, and first dated them to the Neolithic. Since 2023 a joint Albanian-Spanish team has been excavating the floor of the shelter to refine that date, and its first results show that people used it not only in prehistory but also in antiquity and the Middle Ages. In March 2025 the paintings were placed under preliminary state protection, the first step towards listing as a first-category cultural monument.

What makes Lepenicë so moving is simply that it has survived. Painted prehistoric art like this is rare in the Balkans, and here it has lasted for thousands of years on an open wall, exposed to wind and rain. Standing in front of it, you are looking at one of the oldest messages anyone has left in this landscape.

The final climb is steep and rough. Ask in the village before you start, and never touch the painted surface.

What you’ll see

  1. The climb from Lepenicë

    Start in the village and ask there before you set out. The final climb is steep and rough.

  2. The Written Cave

    A rock shelter high above the Shushica, which locals call Shpella e Shkruar.

  3. The painted figures

    Let your eyes adjust to the rock: human-like shapes and geometric signs in a brownish mineral pigment.

  4. A message from prehistory

    One of the oldest messages anyone has left in this landscape. Look, and never touch the painted surface.

The Written Cave in numbers

  • 19 human figures

    By the usual count, painted in a brownish mineral pigment

  • 1984 year

    When the archaeologist Muzafer Korkuti documented the paintings

  • 2025 year

    In March the paintings were placed under preliminary state protection, the first step towards listing as a first-category cultural monument

  • 41 kilometres

    From Valza, about 55 minutes by car through the Shushica valley, then on foot

Where it is

Above the village of Lepenicë, high in the hills of the Shushica valley, 41 km from Valza.

What to bring

  • Shoes with good grip: steep, rough final climb
  • Walking pole: steep and uneven ground
  • Water: for a two to four hour outing
  • Camera with zoom: study the figures without touching them
  • Warm layer: cooler months suit the walk
  • Snack: for a long walk up and back

Is it worth it?

Yes, if…

you are a history lover or a walker, and want to stand in front of painted prehistoric art that has survived on an open wall.

Maybe not, if…

you want an easy outing: the final climb is steep and rough, on uneven ground.

Come in the cooler months, in morning or late-afternoon light for the paintings.

Combine it with

Continue exploring

More places and ideas for your days around Vlorë:

Frequently asked questions about Lepenicë Rock Art Cave


How long does it take to visit the Lepenicë Rock Art Cave?

Plan on 2 to 4 hours for the walk and the visit. From Valza Boutique Hotel it is 41 km, about 55 minutes by car through the Shushica valley, and then you continue on foot. The cooler months are the best time to go.


What can you see at the Lepenicë Rock Art Cave?

Let your eyes adjust to the rock and the figures appear: human-like shapes and geometric signs, 19 human figures by the usual count, left by people who lived in these hills in prehistory. Painted prehistoric art like this is rare in the Balkans.


How old are the paintings, and are they protected?

No firm date has been published; they are usually described as prehistoric, possibly Neolithic. They were documented in 1984 by the archaeologist Muzafer Korkuti and later recorded again by a joint Albanian-Spanish team. In March 2025 they were placed under preliminary state protection, the first step towards listing as a first-category cultural monument.


Is the walk to the Written Cave difficult?

It can be: the last stretch is steep, with rough and uneven ground, so it suits walkers rather than anyone looking for an easy stroll. Ask in the village before you start, and never touch the painted surface.


Sources

  1. M. Korkuti, paper on the rock art of Albania, Valcamonica Symposium 2007, PDF — the Lepenica paintings and their parallels with Alpine rock art.
  2. A. Trushaj, E. Sina, “The Particularity of Prehistoric Culture in Vlora Region (Albania)”, Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (2014), online — Lepenica as the largest rock painting in Albania, in the prehistoric landscape of Vlorë.
  3. FASTI Online, Lepenica rock shelter — the Albanian-Spanish excavation of 2023 and its first results.